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Dietary Flavonoid Quercetin Increases

J. Mark Davis, Catherine J. Carlstedt, Stephen Chen, Martin D. Carmichael, and E.

Angela Murphy

Quercetin

plants, has been shown in vitro and in animal studies to have widespread health and

performance benefits resulting from a combination of biological properties, including

antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as the ability to increase

mitochondrial biogenesis. Little is known about these effects in humans, however,

especially with respect to exercise performance. The authors determined whether

quercetin ingestion would enhance maximal aerobic capacity and delay fatigue during

prolonged exercise in healthy but untrained participants. Twelve volunteers were

randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: (a) 500 mg of quercetin twice daily dissolved in

vitamin-enriched Tang or (b) a nondistinguishable placebo (Tang). Baseline VO

bike-ride times to fatigue were established. Treatments were administered for a period

of 7 days using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study

design. After treatment both VO

days of quercetin feedings were associated with a modest increase in VO

placebo; p < .05) along with a substantial (13.2%) increase in ride time to fatigue (p <

.05). These data suggest that as little as 7 days of quercetin supplementation can

increase endurance without exercise training in untrained participants. These benefits

of quercetin may have important implications for enhancement of athletic and military

performance. This apparent increase in fitness without exercise training may have

implications beyond that of performance enhancement to health promotion and

disease prevention.

, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid substance present in a variety of food2max and2max and ride time to fatigue were determined. Seven2max (3.9% vs.

of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 [AUQ1].

Sports Performance Clinical Trial

Dietary Antioxidant Supplementation Combined with Quercetin Improves

Cycling Time Trial Performance

MacRae Holden, Mefford Karl, Pepperdine University

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2006, 16, 405-419

We investigated whether 6 wk of antioxidant supplementation (AS) would enhance 30 km time

trial (TT) cycling performance. Eleven elite male cyclists completed a randomized, double-blind,

cross-over study to test the effects of twice daily AS containing essential vitamins plus

quercetin (FRS), and AS minus quercetin (FRS-Q) versus a baseline TT (B). MANOVA analysis

showed that time to complete the 30 km TT was improved by 3.1% on FRS compared to B (P

< 0.01), and by 2% over the last 5 km (P < 0.05). Absolute and relative (%HRmax) heart rates

and percent VO2max were not different between trials, but average and relative power (% peak

power) was higher on FRS (P < or = 0.01). Rates of carbohydrate and fat oxidation were not

different between trials. Thus, FRS supplementation significantly improved high-intensity

cycling TT performance through enhancement of power output. Further study is needed to

determine the potential mechanism(s) of the antioxidant efficacy.

Commentary on the study:

Lead Researcher Dr. Holden MacRae says of the results:

“Exercise performance changes of 1-4% are significant and usually mean the difference

between winning and losing. Changes of this magnitude are typically achieved in athletes only

by blood doping or living at high altitude. Daily use of FRS improved high intensity cycling

time-trial performance by 3.1%, a very significant effect purely through consumption of a liquid

dietary supplement.”

Dr. Marcus C.C.W. Elliott, MD, a Harvard-trained physician specializing in exercise physiology

and a FRS Company advisor, believes that FRS also has powerful cross-over applications for

casual athletes as well as the non-athletic by preventing oxidative cell damage and increasing

energy for daily activity. According to Dr. Elliott:

“For over a decade I’ve believed that our next breakthrough in athletic performance would

involve a powerful antioxidant cocktail. From these impressive study results, I now think FRS

may be that breakthrough.”
The authors are with the Div. of Applied Physiology. Dept. of Exercise Science, Arnold School2MAX and Endurance Capacity

Remarkable endurance year after year!

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